The Journalistic Different In Old Era, New Era And Reformation

THE JOURNALISTIC DIFFERENT IN OLD ERA, NEW ERA AND REFORMATION

COMPILED BY

          NAME                             : SANTY BERLIANTY

          STUDENT NUMBER    : 2018815

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND POLITICS PAHLAWAN 12 SUNGAILIAT-BANGKA

ACADEMIC OF YEAR 2016/1017

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.      Definition title

            Journalism is the activity set up, searching, collecting, processing, presenting, and spread

 the word through the media periodically to the widest possible audience with as quickly as possible.

            According to Roland E. Wolseley Journalism is the collection, interpretation, processing, 

and spread of information Sales manager, Opinion observers, Entertainment Sales Operations 

manager systematic and can be trusted to review Published hearts can be newspapers, magazines, 

broadcast  in Television.

               According to F. Fraser Bond Journalism ambraces all the forms in which and trough 

which the news and moment on the news reach the public.

            Old era is a term for the administration of President Sukarno in Indonesia. Old Order took place from 1945 to 1968. During this time, Indonesia used interchangeably liberal economic system and a command economy.

New Order is an order of the whole life of the people, the nation and the country put back the implementation of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution purely and consistently. In other words, the New Order is an order that has the attitude and determination to serve the interests of the people and national level by guided by the spirit and the spirit of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

Reform is a process of re-establishment of an order of life (old) is replaced by the new order. The goal is to better direction by looking at the future purposes. It also emphasizes the return to the original form to stop the irregularities and practices is wrong with doing a thorough overhaul of a system of life, both in terms of political, economic, legal, social and educational fields.

2.      Reason to choose a title the journalistic different in old era, new era and reformation.

The reason I chose this title because it wants to know the differences and the development of journalistic in the old order, the new order and the reform period.

CHAPTER II

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

The characterictic of journalistic

Bill Kovach 9 basic elements of the journalism practiced by the press should not be implemented. 9 The basic elements are:

1. The key obligation of journalism is on the search for truth.

2. The primary loyalty is to the citizen journalism.

3. The main essence of journalism is a discipline of verification.

4. Journalists must maintain the independency of the object reportage.

5. Journalists should make themselves as independent monitor of power.

6. Journalists should provide a forum for the public to critique each other and find a  compromise.

7. Journalists should strive to make it important to be interesting and relevant.

8. Journalists should make the news comprehensive and proportional.

9. Journalists must be allowed to listen to the conscience of its personnel.

            Examples of the dictatorship of the government towards the press is the event June 21, 1994. At that time some mass media such as Tempo, second, and editor of its publication license revoked or in other words, were banned after they issued an investigative report about the abuses committed by state officials. However, even though the government has silenced the media in such a way, but for media unyielding resistance to the government. One of them is the Tempo. New Order government has always felt threatened by the presence of Tempo. This is reasonable because the unyielding attitude of the media embedded reporters - journalists. It is inevitable that Tempo became the most important media in the new order.

            Surely, in the new order there is the official sanctioning body of the press in Indonesia, 

namely the Press Council. In accordance Press Law No. 40 of 1999, the press council is an 

independent body which was formed as part of efforts to develop press freedom and improve the 

lives of the national press. Based on the mandate of the Law, the press council has particularly 7 

functions:

1.      Protect press freedom from interference by other parties, can governments and communities.

2.      Conduct a study to the development of the press keidupan 

3.      Establish and oversee the implementation of the code of ethics of journalism.

4.      Giving consideration and the insistence on the settlement of public complaints on cases 

related to press reports.

5.      Develop a communication between the press, the public and the government.

6.      Facilitate press organizations in drafting regulations in the field of the press and 

improving the quality of the journalistic profession.

7.      Collect press company.

            But it is unfortunate that the press council of the new order does not perform its function 

effectively. Ironically, the press council does not protect fellow journalists. This is evident when 

banning media event in 1994. Many members of the press council to oppose the banning, but the 

council approved the press forced the government measures. No one could do a press council but 

to obey the instructions of the government. Rejecting synonymous with the fight against the 

government. Press council can be inferred the existence of the new order of formality only.

Journalistic old era

Press on the old order is a propaganda tool of the political parties. Some political parties have their own media, at the time known as the press release participants. Freedom of the press at this time based on the constitution Indonesia States and  Provisional Constitution in article 19 of the Constitution RIS mentioned everyone has a right to freedom of opinion and expression. This article back then included in the Provisional Constitution of 1950 reflects despite the ups and downs of political life, but freedom of the press in the opinion should remain in the constitution.

Act - an act of repression of press freedom by the authorities Old Order increases coincide with increased tension in the government. Action - action suppression of press freedom declined as tensions in government declined. Especially after printing - printing is taken over by the government and the journalists were required to pledge political support of government, so it is little government action emphasis to the press.

Restrictive measures against press freedom during 1959 in the same direction with years sebelumnys. With as much as 73 times the number of actions. During the 1960s occurred three times the revocation issue, whereas in 1961 reached 13 times. Details suppression measures or actions antipers for 14 years from May 1952 until December 1965, according to records Edward C. Smith reached 561 action.

            The government stressed that the main function of the press is to support the objectives of 

the revolution and all the newspapers into official government newspaper spokesman. "It is based 

on the views expressed Smith President Sukarno when addressing a rally in front of the 19th 

anniversary of PWI, which was published by the New York Times, among others:" .... I firmly 

stated today that in a revolution there can be no freedom of the press , Just press that supported the 

revolution that allowed life ", he said. "The press is hostile to the revolution had to be removed".

Journalistic in the new order

In the new order, the press to say there is no function for citizens. The press is seen only as a puppet ruler. There is no freedom of speech the government promised at the beginning of the beginning of the power of the new order. The existence of the press is closely monitored by the government under the auspices of the lighting department. This is done to anticipate things - bad things in the new order reached the ears of the community. The press can not do anything other than abide by the rules set by the government.

Aspirations of the people for the government is not distributed at all. This is because political communication that occurs only top - down. This means that the press only as a communicator of the government to the people. The press can not perform its function as a communicator of the people to the government. In addition, news that is channeled to the public regarding the government should be the news - news that upholds the government's success. Reported just something good. When a reckless media published the news - there may be bias about the government, can be sure the media fortunes are at stake.

And history also shows us that the PWI (Indonesian Journalist Association) did not bring significant changes in the pattern of repression is it. That there would be a media PWI also become a puppet of the government of the New Order regime in the country at that time. Policies - policies issued by the government's new order strongly support the existence of the press. One example is the policy (SIUPP) the license for the Press Publishing, which is not very pro-pers. Press experiencing difficulty when required to accomplish their functions - functions that are naturally attached to it, in particular their function for society.

Journalistic in reform era

            When the new order collapsed, the press like to lose control. Flow freedom opened wide - the 

width spontaneously. A wave of press freedom created a large scale, not slowly with due process. 

A policy that is monumental because it is considered as a milestone in the commencement of press 

freedom in Indonesia, namely the issuance Permenpen No. 01 / per / Menpen / 1998 on 

Provisions - Provisions this license. In this Permenpen, revoke this license and the banning of the 

press abolished. There are five rules, either in the form of regulation as well as the Decree of the 

Minister, all of which hamper the space for the press, revoked. The climax was the issuance of Law 

No. 40 of 1999 on the Press. There is a clause in the law that states repeal all laws that existed before 

the press. Since then, no government policy aggravating the press. As a result, the demand for the 

issuance of permits increased.

Press the reform period is always associated with democracy. Which democracy means freedom of speech and expression. One indicator of democracy is the creation of independent journalism. Despite the fact that this time, the press sometimes still used by the government to preserve power. Press the reform period are free to write anything their criticism of the government. No silencing, let alone banning. If the government was offended by what is conveyed by the press, the way to fight not with memberedel the press, but by utilizing the press itself as an effective communication tool between people and government. In other words, the press reform period established itself as an intermediary for the people and the government in order to avoid differences of perception.

            Press the reform period has more or less found himself. Independent press a gency. During the 

reform period, political communication occurred between the public and the government not only 

communication top - down, but also bottom - up. Press into a means of community to channel their 

aspirations, both in the form of demands and support. The press has also become a means of 

disseminating government policies - policies that have been taken. Releases into the container to 

determine whether the government's policies - policies that will take people agreed or not. If a policy 

has been adopted and applied, the press can take its role as a policy controller. In essence, the press 

reform period always perform functions at each process of the political system. During this period, 

9 of the basic elements and function - the function of the press is quite accomplished.

However, freedom of the press that is created during the reform does not mean do not cause any trouble. Freedom of the press is sometimes missed boundary reform period. There is an imbalance between the desires of the community with the interests of the press. The press tends to show something that smelled commercial and think only of the company's profits. The news is presented sometimes not objective. Not only that, the press also sometimes violated its own code of ethics. Norms and values ​​in society are ignored. In search of the press often negate compensation decency news. The press is no longer appreciate the privatization of the news source. For example, the press should focus only on issues - issues relating to the public interest, such as government policy, but the press will add to the personal affairs of news sources. It was very violating norms.

Public concern over press freedom, had appeared in the insurgency in the form of physical violence. This is partly characterized by Jawa Pos daily attacks in Surabaya by Banser supporters of Abdurrahman Wahid (natural Emilianus, 2005: 128). In essence, the press be forgotten that freedom is still there must be a limit. In the press reform more present themselves as the party close to power and capital. And it must be anticipated by society as a watchdog over the behavior of the press in Indonesia.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

1.       CONCLUSION

Releases during the old order is a propaganda tool of the political parties. Some political parties have their own media, at the time known as the press release participants.

In the new order of movement of the press is restricted and only as a puppet government to preserve its interests.

            While the on-time of reform, freedom of the press is guaranteed. The space for the press to be 

very broad. The press can perform the function of top - down and bottom - up, although sometimes 

still used as a tool of the authorities and owners of capital. Freedom of the press reform period is also 

not without problems, many problems arising from the freedom of the press itself.

2.       SOLUTION

               For the government certainly must know where strategic position of the press at this time, 

and thus can be an indicator of policy making in the future regarding the press.

               For the press should be able to position itself as one of the guards the course of democracy 

in Indonesia because of the strategic role.

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